comment on this calibration
Turnicidae
Lineage (NCBI):
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» Opisthokonta
» Metazoa
» Eumetazoa
» Bilateria
» Coelomata
» Deuterostomia
» Chordata
» Craniata <chordata>
» Vertebrata <Metazoa>
» Gnathostomata <vertebrate>
» Euteleostomi
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» Neognathae
| node name Turnicidae Look for this name in NCBI Wikipedia Animal Diversity Web | ||
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recommended citations http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/fc-4 Smith, 2015 |
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node minimum age 30 Ma Geologic studies of the clay deposits of Frauenweiler, Germany have dated them to the Early Oligocene (MP22) and established an absolute age of 32.0-30.0 Ma for those deposits based on micropaleontological correlations (Micklich and Hildebrandt, 2005). | ||
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node maximum age 0 Ma none specified. | ||
| primary fossil used to date this node | ||
SMF Av 506a+b | ||
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phylogenetic justification
Turnipax represents the stem lineage of Turnicidae (buttonquails) and was originally referred to that clade based on apomorphic characters of the coracoid, scapula, furcula, and humerus (Mayr, 2000). In addition to characters cited by Mayr (2000), Mayr and Knopf (2007:775) cited the following apomorphies that support referral of species of Turnipax to Turnicidae: (1) impressio musculi sternocoracoidei on extremitas sternalis of coracoid deeply excavated; (2) processus procoracoideus very broad; (3) caudal margin of sternum with single pair of incisions; (4) incisura capitis of humerus with transverse ridge; (5) incisions in caudal margin of sternum proportionally shorter; (6) ulna long and slender; (7) carpometacarpus elongate, with straight os metacarpale minus; (8) presence of a short hallux. Although Turnipax oechslerorum has not been included in a phylogenetic analysis, no alternative hypothesis has been proposed linking this taxon to any clade other than Turnicidae. |
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phylogenetic reference(s)
Mayr, G. and Knopf, C.W. 2007. A stem lineage representative of buttonquails from the lower Oligocene of Germany - fossil evidence for a charadriiform origin of the Turnicidae. Ibis, 149:774-782.
Mayr, G. 2000. Charadriiform birds from the Early Oligocene of Céreste (France) and the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany). Geobios, 33:625-636.
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| tree image (click image for full size) | ||
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Figure 1 from Smith (2015).
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